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That/What - Pronouns - Parts Of Speech-ESL/Learn English Grammar

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[Sidenote: That.]


116. In the sentences of Sec. 109, we notice that--


(1) _That_ refers to persons, animals, and things.


(2) It has only one case form, no possessive.


(3) It is the same form for first, second, and third persons.


(4) It has the same form for singular and plural.


It sometimes borrows the possessive _whose_, as in sentence 6, Sec.

109, but this is not sanctioned as good usage.


[Sidenote: What.]


117. The sentences of Sec. 110 show that--


(1) _What_ always refers to things; is always neuter.


(2) It is used almost entirely in the singular.

1. The man _that_ hath no music in himself,...

Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils.

--SHAKESPEARE

(3) Its antecedent is hardly ever expressed. When expressed, it

usually follows, and is emphatic; as, for example,--


What I would, _that_ do I not; but what I hate, _that_ do

I.--_Bible_


What fates impose, _that_ men must needs abide.--SHAKESPEARE.


What a man does, _that_ he has.--EMERSON.


Compare this:--


Alas! is _it_ not too true, what we said?--CARLYLE.








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