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Function/antecedent/kinds - RELATIVE PRONOUNS - Parts Of Speech-ESL/Learn English Grammar

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RELATIVE PRONOUNS


[Sidenote: _Function of the relative pronoun_.]


104. Relative pronouns differ from both personal and interrogative

pronouns in referring to an antecedent, and also in having a

conjunctive use. The advantage in using them is to unite short

statements into longer sentences, and so to make smoother discourse.

Thus we may say, "The last of all the Bards was he. These bards sang

of Border chivalry." Or, it may be shortened into,--


"The last of all the Bards was he,

_Who_ sung of Border chivalry."


In the latter sentence, _who_ evidently refers to _Bards_, which is

called the antecedent of the relative.



[Sidenote: _The antecedent._]


105. The antecedent of a pronoun is the noun, pronoun, or other

word or expression, for which the pronoun stands. It usually precedes

the pronoun.


Personal pronouns of the third person may have antecedents also, as

they take the place usually of a word already used; as,--


The priest hath _his_ fee who comes and shrives us.--LOWELL


In this, both _his_ and _who_ have the antecedent _priest_.


The pronoun _which_ may have its antecedent following, and the

antecedent may be a word or a group of words, as will be shown in the

remarks on _which_ below.



[Sidenote: _Two kinds._]


106. Relatives may be SIMPLE or INDEFINITE.


When the word _relative_ is used, a simple relative is meant.

Indefinite relatives, and the indefinite use of simple relatives, will

be discussed further on.


The SIMPLE RELATIVES are _who_, _which_, _that_, _what_.








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