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Need/Definition - Pronouns - Parts Of Speech-ESL/Learn English Grammar

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[Sidenote: _The need of pronouns._]


72. When we wish to speak of a name several times in succession, it

is clumsy and tiresome to repeat the noun. For instance, instead of

saying, "_The pupil_ will succeed in _the pupil's_ efforts if _the

pupil_ is ambitious," we improve the sentence by shortening it thus,

"The pupil will succeed in _his_ efforts if _he_ is ambitious."


Again, if we wish to know about the ownership of a house, we evidently

cannot state the owner's name, but by a question we say, "_Whose_

house is that?" thus placing a word instead of the name till we learn

the name.


This is not to be understood as implying that pronouns were _invented_

because nouns were tiresome, since history shows that pronouns are as

old as nouns and verbs. The use of pronouns must have sprung up

naturally, from a necessity for short, definite, and representative

words.


[Sidenote: _Definition._]


A pronoun is a reference word, standing for a name, or for a person

or thing, or for a group of persons or things.



[Sidenote: _Classes of pronouns._]


73. Pronouns may be grouped in five classes:--


(1) Personal pronouns, which distinguish person by their form (Sec.

76).


(2) Interrogative pronouns, which are used to ask questions about

persons or things.


(3) Relative pronouns, which relate or refer to a noun, pronoun, or

other word or expression, and at the same time connect two statements

They are also called conjunctive.


(4) Adjective pronouns, words, primarily adjectives, which are

classed as adjectives when they modify nouns, but as pronouns when

they stand for nouns.


(5) Indefinite pronouns, which cannot be used as adjectives, but

stand for an indefinite number of persons or things.


Numerous examples of all these will be given under the separate

classes hereafter treated.




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