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Shall and Will - Verbs&Verbals - Parts Of Speech-ESL/Learn English Grammar

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Shall and Will

252. The principal trouble in the use of _shall_ and _will_ is the
disposition, especially in the United States, to use _will_ and
_would_, to the neglect of _shall_ and _should_, with pronouns of the first person; as, "I think I _will_ go."

[Sidenote: _Uses of_ shall _and_ should.]

The following distinctions must be observed:--

(1) With the FIRST PERSON, shall and should are used,--

[Sidenote: _Futurity and questions--first person._]

(_a_) In making simple statements or predictions about future time;
as,--

     The time will come full soon, I _shall_ be gone.

      --L.C.MOULTON.

(_b_) In questions asking for orders, or implying obligation or
authority resting upon the subject; as,--

     With respect to novels, what _shall_ I say?--N. WEBSTER.

     How _shall_ I describe the luster which at that moment burst upon my vision?--C. BROCKDEN BROWN.

[Sidenote: _Second and third persons._]

(2) With the SECOND AND THIRD PERSONS, _shall_ and _should_ are used,--

(_a_) To express authority, in the form of command, promise, or
confident prediction. The following are examples:--

     Never mind, my lad, whilst I live thou _shalt_ never want a
     friend to stand by thee.--IRVING.

     They _shall_ have venison to eat, and corn to hoe.--COOPER.

     The sea _shall_ crush thee; yea, the ponderous wave up the loose
     beach _shall_ grind and scoop thy grave.--THAXTER.

     She _should_ not walk, he said, through the dust and heat of
     the noonday;
     Nay, she _should_ ride like a queen, not plod along like a
     peasant.--LONGFELLOW.

(_b_) In _indirect quotations_, to express the same idea that the
original speaker put forth (i.e., future action); for example,--

     He declares that he _shall_ win the purse from you.--BULWER.

     She rejects his suit with scorn, but assures him that she _shall_
     make great use of her power over him.--MACAULAY.

     Fielding came up more and more bland and smiling, with the
     conviction that he _should_ win in the end.--A. LARNED.

     Those who had too presumptuously concluded that they _should_ pass without combat were something disconcerted.--SCOTT.

(_c_) With _direct questions_ of the second person, when the answer expected would express simple futurity; thus,--

     "_Should_ you like to go to school at Canterbury?"--DICKENS.





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