Adverbs,classification,use,simple,interrogative,(in)direct questions - Parts Of Speech-ESL/Learn English Grammar

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ADVERBS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO USE


[Sidenote: _Simple._]

285. All adverbs which have no function in the sentence except to
modify are called simple adverbs. Such are most of those given
already in Sec. 282.

[Sidenote: _Interrogative._]

286. Some adverbs, besides modifying, have the additional function
of asking a question.

[Sidenote: _Direct questions._]

These may introduce direct questions of--

(1) Time.

_When_ did this humane custom begin?--H. CLAY.

(2) Place.

_Where_ will you have the scene?--LONGFELLOW

(3) Manner.

And _how_ looks it now?--HAWTHORNE.

(4) Degree.

"_How_ long have you had this whip?" asked he.--BULWER.

(5) Reason.

_Why_ that wild stare and wilder cry?--WHITTIER

Now _wherefore_ stopp'st thou me?--COLERIDGE

[Sidenote: _Indirect questions._]

Or they may introduce indirect questions of--

(1) Time.

I do not remember _when_ I was taught to read.--D. WEBSTER.

(2) Place.

I will not ask _where_ thou liest low.--BYRON

(3) Manner.

Who set you to cast about what you should say to the select
souls, or _how_ to say anything to such?--EMERSON.

(4) Degree.

Being too full of sleep to understand
_How_ far the unknown transcends the what we know.
--LONGFELLOW

(5) Reason.

I hearkened, I know not _why_.--POE.


287. There is a class of words usually classed as conjunctive
adverbs, as they are said to have the office of conjunctions in
joining clauses, while having the office of adverbs in modifying; for
example,--

_When_ last I saw thy young blue eyes, they smiled.--BYRON.

But in reality, _when_ does not express time and modify, but the whole
clause, _when_..._eyes_; and _when_ has simply the use of a
conjunction, not an adverb. For further discussion, see Sec. 299 under
"Subordinate Conjunctions."


Exercise.--Bring up sentences containing twenty adverbs,
representing four classes.


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